Add day 16

Days/Day16.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+using System.Numerics;
+using Spectre.Console;
+
+namespace AdventOfCode.Days;
+
+public class Day16 : Day
+{
+    public override int Number => 16;
+    public override string Name => "Reindeer Maze";
+
+    private const int Size = 141;
+
+    private const char Wall = '#';
+    private const char Empty = '.';
+    private const char Start = 'S';
+    private const char End = 'E';
+
+    private static readonly Point DirectionUp = new(0, -1);
+    private static readonly Point DirectionDown = new(0, 1);
+    private static readonly Point DirectionLeft = new(-1, 0);
+    private static readonly Point DirectionRight = new(1, 0);
+
+    public override void RunPart1(bool display = true)
+    {
+        var (maze, start, end) = ParseMaze();
+
+        var visited = new Dictionary<(Point Position, Point Direction), int>();
+
+        var minimumScore = int.MaxValue;
+
+        var toVisit = new Queue<(Point Position, Point Direction, int Score)>();
+
+        toVisit.Enqueue((start, DirectionRight, 0));
+
+        while (toVisit.Count > 0)
+        {
+            var (position, direction, score) = toVisit.Dequeue();
+
+            if (visited.TryGetValue((position, direction), out var savedScore) && savedScore <= score)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            visited[(position, direction)] = score;
+
+            // Reached end
+            if (position == end)
+            {
+                if (score < minimumScore)
+                {
+                    minimumScore = score;
+                }
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Try forward if there is no wall
+            var destination = position + direction;
+
+            if (maze[destination.X, destination.Y] is not Wall)
+            {
+                toVisit.Enqueue((destination, direction, score + 1));
+            }
+
+            // Also try changing direction
+            toVisit.Enqueue((position, NextDirection(direction), score + 1000));
+            toVisit.Enqueue((position, PreviousDirection(direction), score + 1000));
+        }
+
+        if (display)
+        {
+            AnsiConsole.MarkupLine($"[green]Lowest score: [yellow]{minimumScore}[/][/]");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public override void RunPart2(bool display = true)
+    {
+        var (maze, start, end) = ParseMaze();
+
+        var visited = new Dictionary<(Point Position, Point Direction), int>();
+
+        var minimumScore = int.MaxValue;
+
+        var toVisit = new Queue<(Point Position, Point Direction, int Score)>();
+
+        toVisit.Enqueue((start, DirectionRight, 0));
+
+        // First we need to find minimum score
+        while (toVisit.Count > 0)
+        {
+            var (position, direction, score) = toVisit.Dequeue();
+
+            if (visited.TryGetValue((position, direction), out var savedScore) && savedScore <= score)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            visited[(position, direction)] = score;
+
+            // Reached end
+            if (position == end)
+            {
+                if (score < minimumScore)
+                {
+                    minimumScore = score;
+                }
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Try forward if there is no wall
+            var destination = position + direction;
+
+            if (maze[destination.X, destination.Y] is not Wall)
+            {
+                toVisit.Enqueue((destination, direction, score + 1));
+            }
+
+            // Also try changing direction
+            toVisit.Enqueue((position, NextDirection(direction), score + 1000));
+            toVisit.Enqueue((position, PreviousDirection(direction), score + 1000));
+        }
+
+        // Now that we have minimum score, we need to find all the paths that lead to this score
+        var toVisitPath = new Stack<(Point Position, Point Direction, int Score, List<Point> Path)>();
+        toVisitPath.Push((start, DirectionRight, 0, []));
+
+        var minimumScorePaths = new List<List<Point>>();
+
+        while (toVisitPath.Count > 0)
+        {
+            var (position, direction, score, path) = toVisitPath.Pop();
+
+            if (score > minimumScore)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (visited.TryGetValue((position, direction), out var savedScore) && savedScore < score)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            path.Add(position);
+
+            // Reached end
+            if (position == end)
+            {
+                minimumScorePaths.Add(path);
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Try forward if there is no wall
+            var destination = position + direction;
+
+            if (maze[destination.X, destination.Y] is not Wall)
+            {
+                toVisitPath.Push((destination, direction, score + 1, path));
+            }
+
+            // Also try changing direction
+            toVisitPath.Push((position, NextDirection(direction), score + 1000, path.ToList()));
+            toVisitPath.Push((position, PreviousDirection(direction), score + 1000, path.ToList()));
+        }
+
+        if (display)
+        {
+            AnsiConsole.MarkupLine($"[green]Unique positions in optimal paths: [yellow]{minimumScorePaths.SelectMany(l => l).ToHashSet().Count}[/][/]");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private (char[,] Maze, Point Start, Point end) ParseMaze()
+    {
+        var maze = new char[Size, Size];
+        Point start = default;
+        Point end = default;
+
+        var y = 0;
+        foreach (var line in Input.AsSpan().EnumerateLines())
+        {
+            var x = 0;
+            foreach (var symbol in line)
+            {
+                if (symbol is Start)
+                {
+                    start = new Point(x, y);
+
+                    maze[x, y] = Empty;
+                }
+                else if (symbol is End)
+                {
+                    end = new Point(x, y);
+
+                    maze[x, y] = Empty;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    maze[x, y] = symbol;
+                }
+
+                x++;
+            }
+
+            y++;
+        }
+
+        return (maze, start, end);
+    }
+
+    private static Point NextDirection(Point direction)
+    {
+        if (direction == DirectionUp)
+        {
+            return DirectionRight;
+        }
+
+        if (direction == DirectionRight)
+        {
+            return DirectionDown;
+        }
+
+        if (direction == DirectionDown)
+        {
+            return DirectionLeft;
+        }
+
+        if (direction == DirectionLeft)
+        {
+            return DirectionUp;
+        }
+
+        throw new ArgumentException("Invalid direction", nameof(direction));
+    }
+
+    private static Point PreviousDirection(Point direction)
+    {
+        if (direction == DirectionUp)
+        {
+            return DirectionLeft;
+        }
+
+        if (direction == DirectionLeft)
+        {
+            return DirectionDown;
+        }
+
+        if (direction == DirectionDown)
+        {
+            return DirectionRight;
+        }
+
+        if (direction == DirectionRight)
+        {
+            return DirectionUp;
+        }
+
+        throw new ArgumentException("Invalid direction", nameof(direction));
+    }
+
+    private readonly record struct Point(int X, int Y)
+        : IAdditionOperators<Point, Point, Point>,
+            ISubtractionOperators<Point, Point, Point>,
+            IMultiplyOperators<Point, int, Point>
+    {
+        public static Point operator +(Point left, Point right)
+        {
+            return new Point(left.X + right.X, left.Y + right.Y);
+        }
+
+        public static Point operator -(Point left, Point right)
+        {
+            return new Point(left.X - right.X, left.Y - right.Y);
+        }
+
+        public static Point operator *(Point left, int right)
+        {
+            return new Point(left.X * right, left.Y * right);
+        }
+
+        public static Point operator *(int left, Point right)
+        {
+            return new Point(right.X * left, right.Y * left);
+        }
+
+        public static implicit operator Point((int X, int Y) point)
+            => new(point.X, point.Y);
+    }
+}

Inputs/Day16.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
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